Achilles Tendonitis Treatment - The Causes & Treatment

Achilles Tendonitis: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Achilles tendonitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the Achilles tendon, the robust band of tissue connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. It is particularly common among athletes and physically active individuals and is categorised as an overuse injury. The Achilles tendon is crucial for walking, running, and jumping, but its limited blood supply can complicate healing processes when it's injured.

Understanding Achilles Tendonitis

Achilles tendonitis varies in severity and can be classified into three stages:

Mild:Pain occurs specifically during certain activities, like running.

Moderate:Pain becomes more frequent and may be accompanied by swelling and the formation of a hard nodule on the back of the heel.

Severe:Pain intensifies, becoming almost unbearable during any weight-bearing activity, and can lead to tendon tears that might require surgical repair.

Causes and Risk Factors of Achilles Tendonitis

The primary cause of Achilles tendonitis is tendon overload and overuse, leading to micro-tears. Risk factors include:

Physical activity: High-impact sports that involve running and jumping, such as basketball and netball, can increase the risk.

Exercise surface: Running or training on uneven surfaces can aggravate the tendon.

Age: The likelihood of developing Achilles tendonitis increases with age.

Gender: Men are more frequently affected than women.Biomechanics:An improper foot posture, like overpronation, can stress the Achilles tendon. Orthotics might be recommended to correct this.

Footwear: Shoes that provide insufficient support or are worn out can contribute to the problem.

Weight: Obesity or sudden weight gain puts additional stress on the tendon.

Muscle tightness: Tight calf muscles can exacerbate the condition.

Symptoms of Achilles Tendonitis

Symptoms of Achilles tendonitis include:

Pain along the tendon, especially severe in the morning or after resting. Difficulty walking and stiffness in the ankle. Swelling and warmth in the affected area.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing Achilles tendonitis involves a thorough examination by a podiatrist, who may recommend imaging tests such as ultrasound, X-rays, or MRI to confirm inflammation and assess the extent of the injury.

Treatment

Treatment aims to reduce tendon stress and promote healing, with strategies including:

RICE method: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation.Pain management:Anti-inflammatory medications, like ibuprofen, can help reduce pain and swelling.

Physical therapy: A regimen of stretching and strengthening exercises, particularly eccentric calf raises, is often prescribed.

Shockwave therapy: This treatment can stimulate healing by increasing blood flow to the area.

Dry needling: Helps alleviate muscle tension, increasing range of motion and reducing strain on the Achilles tendon

Orthotics and strapping:These can redistribute pressure away from the tendon

Heel lifts:Temporarily relieve stress on the tendon but should not be used long-term as they can shorten the tendon.

Surgery

Surgery may be considered as a last resort if conservative treatments fail. It carries typical surgical risks and is reserved for severe cases.

Recovery

Recovery from Achilles tendonitis can be lengthy, typically lasting 12 to 16 weeks, depending on the severity of the condition and adherence to the treatment plan. Failure to rest and properly treat the tendon can lead to further complications, including the risk of a tendon rupture.

Prevention

Preventing Achilles tendonitis involves several strategies:

Proper warm-up and cool-down routines. Gradual progression in exercise intensity and duration.Wearing appropriate, well-fitted footwear.Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce strain on the tendon.

Early intervention is crucial at the first sign of discomfort in the Achilles tendon. Resting from aggravating activities and consulting a podiatrist can prevent the progression of the condition and ensure a quicker return to activity.