Callouses: Causes, Prevention and Treatment – A Podiatrist's Guide

Callouses are areas of thickened skin that develop when the body responds to repeated pressure or friction. They are a normal protective response, but if they become excessively thick they may become uncomfortable or painful, particularly on the feet. At The Footcare Shop we realise the importance of understanding what causes callouses, how to prevent them, and the best ways to treat them to help maintain foot health and comfort.

What Causes Calluses?

Calluses form due to prolonged pressure or friction on the skin. Common causes include:

Ill-fitting footwear – Tight or loose shoes can create friction, leading to callouses.

Walking barefoot – Frequent barefoot walking can toughen the skin, resulting in callous formation.

High levels of activity – Runners, athletes, and people who stand for long hours are more prone to callouses.

Foot deformities – Conditions such as bunions, hammertoes, or flat feet can cause uneven pressure distribution, leading to callouses.

Changes in walking mechanics – Uneven weight distribution while walking or standing can contribute to callouses.

How to Prevent Calluses

Prevention is key to avoiding the discomfort of callouses. Here are some essential tips:

Wear properly fitting shoes – Choose shoes with adequate cushioning and support to reduce friction.

Use protective padding – Gel inserts, protective gel cover, cushioned socks, and fleecyweb patches can help relieve pressure on vulnerable areas.

Keep feet moisturized – Dry skin is more prone to friction, so applying a foot cream can help maintain soft and supple skin.

Inspect your feet regularly – Regularly washing and exfoliating feet can prevent excessive build-up of dead skin.

Avoid walking barefoot on hard surfaces – Wearing shoes or sandals can help protect feet from friction and pressure.

Treatment for Callouses

If callouses develop, there are several ways to manage them effectively:

Soak and Exfoliate – Soaking feet in warm water for 10 minutes and using a pumice stone or foot file can help remove dead skin.

Moisturise Regularly – Using a foot cream containing urea can help keep dry skin soft and reduce excessive build-up of hard skin.

Use Over-the-Counter Pads – Non-medicated pads can help relieve pressure and prevent further irritation.

See A Podiatrist – A podiatrist can safely reduce thickened callus, identify why it is developing and recommend strategies to reduce ongoing pressure.

Avoid Cutting Calluses – Never attempt to cut or shave calluses at home, as this increases the risk of infection.

Why Do Callouses Keep Coming Back?

Callouses usually return because the pressure that caused them is still present.

Common reasons include:

Poorly fitting shoes Bunions or hammer toes High activity levels Walking barefoot Flat feet Foot mechanics

Simply removing the callus will not always stop it returning unless the underlying cause is also addressed.

Should You Remove a Callous?

Many people try to cut callouses at home.

This is not recommended because it increases the risk of injury and infection.

Instead:

moisturise regularly gently file thick skin wear appropriate footwear seek podiatry treatment if needed

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: Are callouses the same as corns?

A: No, callouses and corns are similar but different. Callouses are larger, have a more even thickness, and usually form on weight-bearing areas. Corns are smaller, more localized, and often have a hard center.

Q: Are callouses dangerous?

A: Callouses are generally harmless, but if they become painful, crack, or show signs of infection, they should be treated promptly.

Q: How long does it take to get rid of a callous?

A: With proper care, mild callouses can improve in a few weeks. However, persistent callouses may take longer and require professional treatment.

Q: Can diabetics get callouses?

A: Yes, diabetics are more prone to foot problems, including callouses. It’s important for diabetics to monitor their feet regularly and seek medical advice for any changes. People living with diabetes should avoid attempting to remove callouses themselves, particularly if they have reduced circulation or reduced sensation in their feet. They should seek advice from their podiatrist or healthcare professional.

Final Thoughts

Callouses are a natural protective response of the skin but can cause discomfort if not properly managed. By wearing appropriate footwear, practicing good foot hygiene, and addressing calluses early, you can keep your feet comfortable. If callouses persist or become bothersome, consulting a healthcare professional is the best course of action.